The Ramsar Convention, established in 1971 in the Iranian city of Ramsar, is an international treaty aimed at the conservation and sustainable management of wetlands worldwide. Spanning half a century, the Convention has sought to raise awareness of the importance of wetlands, ensure their protection, and promote sustainable practices that benefit both people and ecosystems.

As humanity increasingly turns to the ocean for resources, deep-sea mining has emerged as a controversial method of exploiting valuable minerals and metals from the ocean floor. This practice has gained momentum due to the rising demand for resources needed for modern technologies, including smartphones, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems.